This paper will cover the prospect of a manufacturing opportunity in the country of Tunisia. According to Krishnan, Miller, & Judge (1997) indigenous teams have higher turnovers, and lower performances when compared to diverse groups in a study of 147 acquisition firms. Krishnan, Miller, & Judge (1997) opined teams with members of the same background must be managed against social distances. Teams with diverse backgrounds Gebert et al (2014), present a different type of ethical risk. Gebert et al (2014), suggest religious awareness is a necessity in cultural diversity and the risk should be managed based on known religious and cultural conflicts. Place of Business According to Beser & Kilic (2017) Tunisia is the fifty-ninth largest economy in the world with almost thirteen billion dollars in exports. Quamar (2015) states the Tunisia employs its Muslim Democracy political system as a first phase of post despotism. Quamar (2015) posits Tunisia is also the central location to the world largest social-economic movement Arab Spring. Tunisia parliament successfully created a new constitution in 2011 and administered the country’s first democratic election (Quamar, 2015). The political landscape shifted from totalitarian to the Muslim Democracy after the Dictator Ben Ali was sentenced to life in prison in 2010. Type of Business Beser & Kilic (2017) posits Tunisia is a developing country Barhoumi et al (2006) adds with environment issues from the phosphate mining industry. The business proposal is for Wastewater Cleaning Service Corporation (WCSC) to remove chromium and nickel from mining residue water. According to Barhoumi et al (2006) pathologist are beginning to link high levels of soft metals with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) in Tunisia. Beser & Kilic (2017) posits insulated wire is a $1.438 billion industry, which represents 7.8 percent of the total country GDP. Barhoumi et al. (2016), opined the alloy, nickel, and other soft metals used to make the wire has left noticeable metallic elements in the clay, and waste water. Political Risk Expressions of American democracy as it pertains to the separation of church and state create political risk and a conflict of interest. According to Quamar (2015) Nidaa Tounes & Ennahda are the two political parties in Tunisia. Boubekeur (2016) opined the Ennahda party is leaders of the secularist movement in Tunisia with support from Arab Spring to separate its state from religious affiliation. Quamar (2015) posits Ansar al-Sharia is the local terrorist group that follow the values of Nidaa Tounes to remain a Muslim country. Boubekeur (2016) argues Ansar al-Sharia pose a serious threat to the political system as radical Islamist and known terrorist. Economic Risk Some citizens in Tunisia seek liberation from the radical Islamic nation and found hope in the Arab Spring movement (Beser & Kilic, 2017). According to Beser, & Kilic (2017) Arab Spring is a political movement that began in Tunisia after the death of Mohammad Bouazizi in 2010. The economic effects of Arab Spring have been recorded in Tunisia and neighboring countries (see Chart). Beser, & Kilic, (2017) states the protest began December 17, 2010 when Bouazizi a University marketing student burnt himself to death as a testator of the unchanging economic unfairness. Moreover, Beser, & Kilic, (2017) posits the now deceased Bouazizizi has since the time of his death been viewed as a martyr and his death sparked the largest mobilization of the twenty-first century. Key Cultural Difference According to Yamazaki et al (2012) Tunisia has recently made some remarkable changes to their public policy, specifically with innovation, and its newly open domestic market for foreign investors. The Government innovation initiative have created a pathway for subcontractors and foreign investors. Yamazaki et al (2012) posits the newly open market in Tunisia creates uncertainty of a real plan in direction for the newly structured country. Dorn (2013) posits US debt to China is $14 trillion, the bulk of money owed is in US government trust funds, the central bank, and domestic investors. From 2002-2011 Dorn (2013) posits the deficit has increased exponentially from $2 trillion to $14 trillion. Dorn (2013) states the US does not produce exports like Tunisia but imports as a consumer market. In contrast view of the two cultures the US is saturated in debt and Tunisia essentially does not have a credit history. Financial Risk Quamar (2015) opined Tunisia political landscape shifted from totalitarian to democracy but several members of the old regime are still in political power. Many of the people in power Quamar (2015) posits were involved in corruption and bribery under the old laws currently have positions of authority in the new system. Lvlevs & Hinks (2015) argue the political figures that were affected by economic crisis are more like to make deals in bribery and corruption than others that have not. With funding from US banks Dorn (2013) urges domestic investors to remember US still owed $14 trillion in debt and a large part of that debt belongs to central bank. Key Regulatory Obligations According to Frija et al (2014) close to forty-percent of Tunisia water supply comes from groundwater aquifers upon many of which are almost depleted. In the water crisis Frija et al (2014) posits the country has a groundwater management system but it is poorly enforced. Public administration for water is weak and unable to correctly regulate farmers and business activities Frija et al (2014). Frija et al (2014) opined an investment in social capital should help raise awareness of self-regulation and serve as the initiative for clean water. Governance Recommendations to Mitigate Accoding to Barhoumi et al (2006) Tunisia is currently welcoming innovation from subcontractors and foreign investors as a key to entry. Akhter (2007) coins the term economic nationalism to shine a light on the expectations of people to support or reject foreign business based on domestic firms, the public, and government leniency towards such operations. Raising concerns for clean water is a way to gain political support. Motiar Rahman & Kumaraswamy (2005) suggest that a management team comprised of domestic and foreign partners should be used to address areas of quality, safety, industry standards, and government regulations. Building a relationship with the Tunisia goverment requires some form of conflict resolution management. Behfar et al, (2008), found three conflict resolution tendencies from 57 autonomous teams in a qualitative study. According to Behfar et al, (2008), successful teams focused on content of information rather than how it was said, discussing reasons why decisions were reached concerning work assignment, assigning members with relative task experience as oppose to other means like voluntarily, or default. Moreover, Behfar et al, (2008), adds the teams that are more likely to be successful are proactive teams that predicts areas of conflicts and plans solutions Governance recommendations to leverage benefits of operating in the selected country According to Chraiti Raddaoui & Hafiane (2016) the physiochemical compound of water run-off from phosphate mining in Tunisia has been tested for suitability in irrigation and environmental effects. According to Chraiti Raddaoui & Hafiane (2016) the water was tested for traces of “chloride, sulfate, biochemical oxygen demand and metals” (para 3). From five samples Chraiti Raddaoui & Hafiane (2016) posits results revealed contaminants of metals and chemicals some of which exceeds national water safety standards. Moreover, Chraiti Raddaoui & Hafiane (2016) reveals recommendations from foreign public officials and local political figures about the water crisis as urging the Tunisia government to clean the effluent waste water. Tunisia is a place with challenges that are significantly different than US markets. Brining the two cultures together will not be easy but here are some religious ideas that must be considered. Gebert et al (2014), framework list three pathways religious identities can incite conflict in the workplace. In the role of mediators Gebert et al (2014), researched into the phenomena of proselytism, religious discrimination, and identity threats. Cultural diversity according to Gebert et al (2014), has been observed in minority members ascribing to ideas of majority members religious ascendancy claims. Gebert et al (2014), argues people should express themselves, but be aware of the risk that is associated with the public display of faith. International Monetary Fund (2015), “Chart” (para. Tunisia experiences a difficult 2011).
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> References Akhter, S. H. (2007). Globalization, expectations model of economic nationalism, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 24(3), 142-150. 10.1108/07363760710746148 Barhoumi, B., Elbarhoumi, A., Clérandeau, C., Al-Rawabdeh, A. M., Atyaoui, A., Touil, S., . . . Cachot, J. (2016). Using an integrated approach to assess the sediment quality of an mediterranean lagoon, the bizerte lagoon (tunisia). Ecotoxicology, 25(6), 1082-1104. 10.1007/s10646-016-1664-4 Beser, M., & Kilic, N. O. (2017). the influence of arab spring effect on economic growth in the middle east countries: Structural break panel data analysis. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(3), 133-141. 10.15604/ejef.2017.05.03.010 Behfar, K. J., Peterson, R. S., Mannix, E. A., & Trochim, W. M. K. (2008). The critical role of conflict resolution in teams: A close look at the links between conflict type, conflict management strategies, and team outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 170-188. 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.170 Boubekeur, A. (2016). Islamists, secularists and old regime elites in tunisia: Bargained competition. Mediterranean Politics, 21(1), 107. doi:10.1080/13629395.2015.1081449 Chraiti, R., Raddaoui, M., & Hafiane, A. (2016). Effluent water quality at phosphate mines in M'dhilla, tunisia and its potential environmental effects. Mine Water and the Environment, 35(4), 462. Dorn, J. A. (2013). The role of china in the U.S. debt crisis. The Cato Journal, 33(1), 77. Frija, A., Chebil, A., Speelman, S., & Faysse, N. (2014). A critical assessment of groundwater governance in tunisia. Water Policy, 16(2), 358. Gebert, D., Boerner, S., Kearney, E., King, J. E., Zhang, K., & Song, L. J. (2014). Expressing religious identities in the workplace: Analyzing a neglected diversity dimension. Human Relations, 67(5), 543-563. 10.1177/0018726713496830 Krishnan, H. A., Miller, A., & Judge, W. Q. (1997). Diversification and top management team complementarity: Is performance improved by merging similar or dissimilar teams? Strategic Management Journal, 18(5), 361-374. Lvlevs, A., & Hinks, T. (2015). Global economic crisis and corruption. Public Choice, 162(3-4), 425-445. Motiar Rahman, M., & Kumaraswamy, M. M. (2005). Assembling integrated project teams for joint risk management. Construction Management and Economics, 23(4), 365-375. 10.1080/01446190500040083 International Monetary Fund . (2015). IMF news . Retrieved from http://www.imf.org Quamar, M. M. (2015). Tunisia: Presidential and parliamentary elections, 2014.Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 2(3), 269-288. doi:10.1177/2347798915603277 Yamazaki, K., Capatina, A., Bouzaabia, R., & Kocoglu, I. (2012). Cross-cultural issues related to open innovation in high-tech companies from japan, romania, tunisia and turkey. Revista De Management Comparat International, 13(4), 561-573.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> References Akhter, S. H. (2007). Globalization, expectations model of economic nationalism, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 24(3), 142-150. 10.1108/07363760710746148 Barhoumi, B., Elbarhoumi, A., Clérandeau, C., Al-Rawabdeh, A. M., Atyaoui, A., Touil, S., . . . Cachot, J. (2016). Using an integrated approach to assess the sediment quality of an mediterranean lagoon, the bizerte lagoon (tunisia). Ecotoxicology, 25(6), 1082-1104. 10.1007/s10646-016-1664-4 Beser, M., & Kilic, N. O. (2017). the influence of arab spring effect on economic growth in the middle east countries: Structural break panel data analysis. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(3), 133-141. 10.15604/ejef.2017.05.03.010 Behfar, K. J., Peterson, R. S., Mannix, E. A., & Trochim, W. M. K. (2008). The critical role of conflict resolution in teams: A close look at the links between conflict type, conflict management strategies, and team outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 170-188. 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.170 Boubekeur, A. (2016). Islamists, secularists and old regime elites in tunisia: Bargained competition. Mediterranean Politics, 21(1), 107. doi:10.1080/13629395.2015.1081449 Chraiti, R., Raddaoui, M., & Hafiane, A. (2016). Effluent water quality at phosphate mines in M'dhilla, tunisia and its potential environmental effects. Mine Water and the Environment, 35(4), 462. Dorn, J. A. (2013). The role of china in the U.S. debt crisis. The Cato Journal, 33(1), 77. Frija, A., Chebil, A., Speelman, S., & Faysse, N. (2014). A critical assessment of groundwater governance in tunisia. Water Policy, 16(2), 358. Gebert, D., Boerner, S., Kearney, E., King, J. E., Zhang, K., & Song, L. J. (2014). Expressing religious identities in the workplace: Analyzing a neglected diversity dimension. Human Relations, 67(5), 543-563. 10.1177/0018726713496830 Krishnan, H. A., Miller, A., & Judge, W. Q. (1997). Diversification and top management team complementarity: Is performance improved by merging similar or dissimilar teams? Strategic Management Journal, 18(5), 361-374. Lvlevs, A., & Hinks, T. (2015). Global economic crisis and corruption. Public Choice, 162(3-4), 425-445. Motiar Rahman, M., & Kumaraswamy, M. M. (2005). Assembling integrated project teams for joint risk management. Construction Management and Economics, 23(4), 365-375. 10.1080/01446190500040083 International Monetary Fund . (2015). IMF news . Retrieved from http://www.imf.org Quamar, M. M. (2015). Tunisia: Presidential and parliamentary elections, 2014.Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 2(3), 269-288. doi:10.1177/2347798915603277 Yamazaki, K., Capatina, A., Bouzaabia, R., & Kocoglu, I. (2012). Cross-cultural issues related to open innovation in high-tech companies from japan, romania, tunisia and turkey. Revista De Management Comparat International, 13(4), 561-573.
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